Production


We should all know by now what production means. I mean it's the basics.To ensure your knowledge,I’ll say it again. Production means that it’s the activity of supplying a product and services for to satisfy consumer wants and needs. Every time you think about production, productivity should pop up in your head as it’s all about the quantity of the products being made in a period of time.

That’s not all. Next, it’s gonna be about the methods of production. There’s three different ways of how products are being sold.

· Job production

· Batch production

· Flow production


Job production-this is the part when products are made specifically to order. For example this customer would order a regular size cake with specific design on it. E.g. Superman
Each other is different and it can’t be done repeatedly as it’s not what other consumers want.

Good
Of course, the product meets the exact requirements of the customer or complaints would drag their company down.

This also increases employee motivation because, different order is made every time which makes their work less boring and their day wouldn’t be so hard to live through.

But oh well, in life, there’s always a bad side of everything. Don’t you agree?

Bad
All Jobs like these require skills and much labor work.
All Costs are higher because of that.
Therefore the business might have difficulty affording the payment.


Batch production-This is making of the same products in large quantities. E.g. making a number of cakes with a superman design.

Good
It’s a more flexible way of working. Production can be changed.
It gives workers a variety of options.

This may not be affected greatly even if machinery is messed up.


Bad
It can be costly or that the finished products will need moving about.

Warehouse space will be needed for stocks of raw materials and components. This is so also costly.


Flow production-Large quantities of a product are produced in a continuous process. It is sometimes referred to as mass production because of the large quantity of a standardized that is produced. It is called flow production because products look like they are going with the flow of the production. Basic ingredients are put together at one end of the production like and then the product flows down and more parts are added and so on, until the product is finished and packaged ready for sale.



Good
$$$ are kept low=prices lower

=Easy for capital intensive production methods to be used- reducing labor costs and ++++ increasing efficiency.

=That methods only need relatively unskilled workers, so less training is needed which help saves the company $.

=Low costs and therefore low prices = high sales and high profit.$

=Goods are produced quickly and cheaply with the FLOW.

There is no need to move goods from one part of the factory to another as with batch production, time is saved.



Bad
BORING! For the workers, they are always doing the same thing. Like putting parts of the product together, there is less job satisfaction then. Duh!

The capital costs of setting up the production line can be very $.

The whole production is depending on that machine, if it breaks down and it will have to stop. That would pretty much suck a lot.


Most importantly, the factor which determines which method of production to use will be the DEMAND for the product.



As the price is going down, the demand will rise. As it is cheap, more would be tempted to buy more.


Lean production is covered by a varieties of techniques used by business to – any waste and therefore= increase efficiency. It tries to – the time it takes for the product to be developed and become available in the shops for sale, so that it is quick as possible.

It includes :

-Kaizen
-Just-in-time
-Cell production
-Kanban



Kaizen =continuous improvement in Japanese. Focus=Elimination of waste. Ideas all comes from > workers. They meet regularly, having their own small meetings and discuss problems or possible solutions. No one knows the problem better than the workers themselves who work with them all the time. When Kaizen in then introduced, the factory floor is recognized by repositioning machines tightly together to improve the flow and work efficiency. This is how the production process look like.



:)Advantages of Kaizen might be:


Increased productivity
Reduced amount of space needed for the production process
Work-in-progress is reduced
Improved layout of the factory floor may allow some jobs to be combined therefore freeing up employees to carry out some other job in the factory.


Just-In-Time

JIT- its focus is on reducing space of stocks placement. It is to eliminate stocks of raw materials or unsold stocks of the finished product. Supplies arrive just at the time they are needed. The business will therefore need very reliable suppliers and an efficient system of ordering raw materials or components. It’s similar to cell production.


Cell production

Cell production is where the production line is divided into separate, self contained units (cell) making an identifiable part of the finished product instead of having a FLOW or mass production line. Employees feel more valued and are less likely to strike or cause disruption.


Kanban

Kanban is a system of ordering that is used alongside JIT production. It operates by having two component bins, one on the production line and one being made ready. When the first is empty it is wheeled with its Kanban order card to the section of the factory that produces those components. This triggersw the production of the components, which should then be ready before the second component is empty. Reducing the amount of part
finished stock and means that everyone has to cooperate, work together and efficiently so that production is not held up.


Sorry to have no pictures of any examples due to some annoying technical problem that can't be fixed as because of the limited time given. This post could be boring but that's life. Read it, learn it, remember and don't screw it. So after all I’ve said, these infos shall be stored in your head and be remembered hopefully or…. It would be pointless and a BIG waste of my time. So… make good use of it or I’ll be really really…. Even more UPSET. Well, that’s all for now. this post has finally ended.





TO BE CONTINUED……… by Corrina Yeo